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Vol. 12 - Sciences de l’information géographique & mesures environnementales
Appel à volume spécial
« **Sciences de l’information géographique & mesures environnementales** »
Éditeurs invités :
Thierry Badard (Université Laval, Québec), Jacynthe Pouliot (Université Laval, Québec), Matthieu Noucher (CNRS, Bordeaux), Marlène Villanova (Université Alpes Grenoble).
Dans le prolongement de la conférence Spatial Analysis & Geomatics (SAGEO’23)[1](#sdfootnote1sym) qui s’est tenue en juin 2023 sur le campus de l’Université Laval à Québec, ce volume spécial de JIMIS vise à publier en libre accès des travaux de recherche sur les enjeux méthodologiques de la spatialisation des mesures environnementales.
Les mesures environnementales peuvent être appréhendées selon une double acceptation : d’une part, elles peuvent faire référence à l’action d'estimer les dimensions d’un objet ou d’un phénomène relatif à l’environnement. L’évaluation des surfaces impactées par la déforestation en est un bon exemple. D’autre part, elles peuvent renvoyer aux moyens mis en œuvre en vue d’un résultat déterminé. En ce sens, elles sont synonymes des politiques publiques élaborées, par exemple, pour réduire les effets de l’érosion côtière. Les sciences de l’information géographique contribuent couramment aux mesures environnementales dans les deux sens du terme : à la fois pour estimer les dimensions et dynamiques environnementales et pour évaluer les moyens et effets des politiques environnementales. La géomatique peut ainsi être mobilisée aussi bien pour capter, prélever, analyser, visualiser diverses composantes de notre milieu que pour diagnostiquer, planifier ou simuler les impacts de projets d’aménagement. Or, la pluralisation des modalités (*in situ* ou à distance) et des vecteurs (aériens, terrestres, maritimes) de collecte de l’information environnementale incite aujourd’hui à envisager un renouvellement des méthodes de traitement et d’analyse dans des perspectives interdisciplinaires qui permettent de « faire parler » les données autrement.
L’objectif de ce volume spécial est de proposer, via une grande diversité d’approches, d’échelles, d’objets, de terrain, un regard pluriel sur les défis scientifiques de l’usage des sciences de l’information géographique pour mettre en chiffres et en cartes les questions environnementales. Des exposés présentés lors de la conférence SAGEO, sélectionnés par le comité de programme, seront invités à soumettre une proposition originale mais ce dossier est aussi ouvert à d’autres contributions.
**Dates** :
- 23 novembre 2023 : lancement de l’appel à communication
- Réception, évaluation et publication des articles retenus au fil de l’eau
- 1er juin 2024 : fermeture de l’appel, fin définitive des soumissions
[1](#sdfootnote1anc) SAGEO est la conférence internationale francophone en géomatique soutenue par le groupe de recherche CNRS MAGIS (
1. Recycling data for Marine Spatial Planning: A review of maritime plans in Europe
The ecosystem-based approach to marine spatial planning (MSP) is attracting increasing attention due to the requirements of Directive 2014/89/EU. To date, research on the ecosystem-based approach has focused mainly on the methods used to set up studies to assess the impact of human marine activities on ecosystems. This article presents a review of European marine plans, focusing in particular on the data and maps used to translate MSP. This study should contribute to our understanding of the notion of entanglement in planning. We draw on critical data studies, and in particular on the theory of intra-action and the concept of information in-formation, to understand the biases of data and maps. We used a method based on a content analysis to study maritime plans in Europe with regard to four main indicators enabling us to evaluate data and map uses in MSPs in relation to the ecosystem-based approach. Overall, our results suggest that the ecosystem approach is poorly transcribed on maps due to a lack of suitable data sets, geotechnological constraints, or political decisions. In particular, we observe a recycling of data for planning purposes. Our research has highlighted the importance of studying the entire data lifecycle, from production to display, in order to have a holistic vision of MSP.
2. CentipedeRTK, un réseau pour la géolocalisation haute précision au service de l'environnement
Positioning RTK, or Real-Time Kinematics, is a long-established technology that improves the positioning provided by a GNSS mobile receiver, based on a network of fixed reference receiver antenna, precisely positioned over the territory. Although highly effective, this solution is still very costly and therefore not available to all users. The emergence of low-cost electronic products has given rise to the CentipedeRTK network. The network is based on an open and shared methodology for building RTK antennas that are networked for free and collaborative use, whatever their purpose. Since its launch in 2019, the network has gone from strength to strength, and its uses are multiplying in a variety of fields, from forestry research to environmental monitoring.
3. Tetiaroa diachronic geomorphology 1955 -2023 Monitoring the shoreline and vegetation cover of tropical atoll in the climate change context
The Tetiaroa atoll is virtually free of anthropogenic pressure, making it a textbook case for observing the impact of climate change on the pristine coral atolls of French Polynesia. A geospatial databasedating back to 1955 was used to map and analyze erosion and accretion phenomena on the atoll's motu (Tahitian name for islets). Its diachronic analysis documents two types of motu: those with a coralline base, which experience minimal movement over time, and the sandy motu which, on the contrary, exhibit significant dynamics linked to strong swells and storms. While we cannot yet link the observed dynamics to climate change and rising sea levels, these results will help us better understand the future impacts of extreme climatic events on Polynesian atolls.
4. Geospatial challenges for urban projects environmental impact assessment
Reducing the environmental impact of the building stock (construction, use, rehabilitation, end of life) is essential in order to achieve a sustainable rate of consumption of the planet's resources. Life cycle analysis (LCA) enables stakeholders to assess several categories of impact of an urban project (damage to human health, damage to biodiversity, etc.) in order to make the most sober choices. This assessment requires a large amount of data that is as representative as possible of the concerned territories. In view of the difficulties encountered in taking into account the geographical dimension, an exploratory interdisciplinary project has been launched to identify spatial challenges to overcome when carrying out a LCA of an urban project. This article presents the initial results of the project, beginning with a description of the issues involved in the spatialization of LCA, followed by a description of some of the challenges encountered more specifically in the context of LCA of urban projects. The aim is to help define a research programme to improve the way in which the geographical dimension is taken into account in the LCA of urban projects, and to inform the geospatial scientific community of the problems encountered by environmental assessment researchers working to provide professional communities with robust and reliable LCA methods and tools.
5. Integrating geodata in the life cycle assessment of urban projects: taking solar masks into account in dynamic thermal simulations of buildings
Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of urban projects, but requires a huge amount of data. Geodata currently available can be used as soon as the design phase. Here, we explore the potential contribution of existing geodata to improve the accuracy of building energy modeling (BEM) carried out during the LCA of urban projects. Hence, we have built a model to assess the influence of solar masks on building energy needs and indoor thermal comfort. We use this model to assess the benefits of considering these masks. We then test the use of existing IGN geodata to take into account solar masks formed either by adjacent buildings (BD TOPO), or by buildings and vegetation (LIDAR HD). After the model is validated, we use it on two existing buildings to compare the results of simulations with and without masks. These initial tests confirm the interest of using existing geodatabases. They also encourage us to develop guidelines for BEM and LCA practitioners, and to explore the use of geodata to specify other parameters useful for BEM.
6. Method for classifying and mapping Blue Carbon ecosystems for carbon assessment : the case study of the La Rochelle urban area
In the context of global climate change, France has committed to achieving carbon neutrality. The territory of La Rochelle, through the La Rochelle Territoire Zéro Carbone project, aims to reach this goal by enhancing its "blue carbon" ecosystems. This study proposes a typology of La Rochelle's blue carbon ecosystems along a land-sea continuum, establishing an unprecedented classification of seven types of environments that could act as carbon sinks : dyked freshwater, brackish, and salt marshes, as well as salt meadows, mudflats, seagrass beds, and the ocean. A second level of classification was introduced for backshore marshes, attributing the concept of blue carbon only to aquatic surfaces. This distinction between water surfaces and emerged surfaces raises questions about the separation between blue carbon and green carbon. Additionally, a geographic database was created, accompanied by maps to locate these environments and assess their surface area, assisting managers and local authorities in their mission to preserve and evaluate the carbon capture and sequestration potential. The study's limitations include the subjectivity of the maritime perimeter assigned to the territory and the categorization of ecosystems between blue carbon and green carbon. This innovative typology, supported by a cartographic framework, provides a better understanding of carbon sinks in the territory and helps to guide public policies toward achieving carbon neutrality.